Wireless Technology

Ini sebuah pertanyaan yang sangat menarik, yaitu apakah sebenarnya definisi dari "Broadband" itu? Masalahnya sudah sering kita mendengar berbagai berita yang hampir selalu menyebutkan perkemabangan broadband di Indonesia maupun di dunia, tetapi definisi Broadband secara jelas masih belum ada, atau banyak yang belum tahu.

Berikut ini sebuah penjelasan yang lengkap beserta sejarah perkembangannya, bagaimana istilah itu dimunculkan untuk mengukur kinerja jaringan layanan telekomunikasi.

Technical Definition of Broadband:

Broadband refers to telecommunication that provides multiple channels of data over a single communications medium, typically using some form of frequency or wave division multiplexing.

	Broadband Mediums, Carrier Technologies, Speeds and Applications
	Broadband access Technologies and Definitions
	A study of broad band and expected growth of the market.pdf GET Adobe Acrobat

Broadband access is a vehicle that allows the delivery of an entirely new breed of media services and communications-oriented applications. In the long run, it is these new services and applications that will differentiate broadband from dial-up Internet access and give consumers a reason for subscribing to broadband. Audio and video are the obvious cornerstones of this coming high-speed revolution. Speedy connections coupled with always-on access will improve the consumer multimedia experience and change the types of business models that are viable in the interactive marketplace. As use of broadband grows to more than 20 million subscribers by 2004, traditional media companies may uncover opportunities for growth and acquisition in these alternative content categories enabled by the high-speed Internet. Broadband will not replace traditional media formats as they exist today. But it will emerge as a new source of fragmentation, siphoning off enough listeners and viewers to affect established media entities and their long-term growth.

Federal Full broadband lines are lines with information carrying capability in excess of 200 Kbps in both directions, simultaneously. One-way broadband lines are lines with information carrying capacity in excess of 200 Kbps in one direction (typically downstream) and less than or equal to 200 Kbps in the other direction (typically upstream).

	Copper loop technologies
	Dial-up modems
	ISDN
	xDSL
	Cable TV access technologies via CatV
	Wireless access
	Analog cellular
	Digital cellular
	Wireless local loop (WLL) and other fixed wireless
	Satellite

Broadband Access for Consumers is either through DSL (Digital Subscriber Lines) or via cable modem. See attached FCC Document

DSL is a technology for bringing high-speed and high-bandwidth, which is directly proportional to the amount of data transmitted or received per unit time, information to homes and small businesses over ordinary copper telephone lines already installed in hundreds of millions of homes and businesses worldwide. With DSL, consumers and businesses take advantage of having a dedicated, always-on connection to the Internet.

There are currently at least six different types of DSL. They are Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL), ISDN Digital Subscriber Line (IDSL), High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL), Very high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL), and Rate-Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line (RADSL). Each one has different technical ranges, capabilities, and limitations.

Cable modems (CM) are designed to operate over cable TV lines to provide high-speed access to the Web or corporate Intranets. A power splitter and a new cable are usually required. The splitter divides the signal for the "old" installations and the new segment that connects the cable modem. No television sets are accepted on the new string that goes to the cable modem.

There are three types of CM: external modem, internal modem, and interactive set-top cable box. A number of different cable modem configurations are possible. Over time more systems will arrive.

Cable modem services offer shared bandwidth between your and your neighbors. Your speed will vary with how many people are on the cable modem network, which may be a disadvantage. With DSL service, you have a dedicated connection to your home.

Kesimpulan dari penjelasan diatas, Broadband dapat disalurkan melalui jaringan kabel, seperti DSL (ADSL), Coaxial, dan Serat Optik, serta melalui jaringan Nirkabel (Wireless) yang bisa Fixed maupun Mobile, melalui jaringan terrestrial maupun satelit.

Kecepatan transmisi Broadband sangat bervariasi, tergantung dari Teknologi Carrier yang dipakai, dan medium fisik untuk penyalurannya, seperti Twisted Pair, Kabel Coax, Serat Optik, dan Frekwensi Radio di udara bebas (terrestrial dan satelit).

Yang menjadi fokus pembicaraan kita adalah Kecepatan Broadband yang melalui jaringan Nirkabel (Wireless). ITU mentapkan bahwa sebuah jaringan Wireless bisa disebut sebagai Broadband Wireless bilamana kecepatan transmisi puncaknya minimal adalah 384 kbps, sesuai dengan ketentuan dari UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System).

Mengapa dipakai ketentuan kecepatan transmisi puncak? Ini karena sifat (nature) dari transmisi Wireless, khususnya Wireless Seluler yang banyak dipakai di Indonesia, dimana kecepatan yang bisa dinikmati oleh pelanggan tergantung apakah hanya satu orang pada saat itu yang sedang mamakainya, atau ada banyak orang yg memakainya secara bersamaan. Bila hanya satu orang yg memakai, maka kecepatan transmisinya adalah 384 kbps, dan turun secara proporsional dengan bertambahnya jumkah pengguna pada saat yg bersamaan (concurrent users).

Sifat khusus lainnya dari Wireless Seluler adalah adanya perbedaan kecepatan transmisi untuk uplink dan downlink. Biasanya yang uplink kecepatan transmisinya hanya 1/2 sampai 1/4 kecepatan puncak downlink. Ini karena pertimbangan praktis, dimana umumnya para pengguna lebih banyak yang menerima informasi dari atas/internet/server dari pada mengirim informasi itu ke atas (uplink).

Jadi jaringan Wireless Seluler yang sudah termasuk dalam klasifikasi Broadband beserta kecepatan trnasmisi downlik/uplink-nya adalah sbb:

• GSM EDGE dengan kecepatan downlink/uplink 474 kbps/474 kbps (3G)
• GSM Evolved EDGE (1,89 Mbps/947 kbps) (3,25G)
  
• GSM HSDPA (3,6 Mbps/...) (3,5G)
  
• GSM HSUPA (7,2 Mbps/...) (3,75G)
  
• GSM HSPA (14,4 Mbps/5,76 Mbps) (3,8G)
  
• GSM HSPA+ Release 8 (42 Mbps/1,5 Mbps) (3,9G)
  
• CDMA 2000 1x EVDO Rev. A (3,1 Mbps/1,8 Mbps) (3,4G)
  
• CDMA 2000 1x EVDO Rev. B (14,7 Mbps/5,4 Mbps) (3,8G)
  
• Mobile WiMAX Release 1.0 (46 Mbps/4 Mbps)
• Mobile Wimax IEEE 802.16m
• LTE pada kanal 20 Mhz (328 Mbps/86 Mbps) (4.xG)
• LTE Advanced (1 Gbps/100 Mbps) (4,x G)
  

Silahkan ditanggapi.